More information on model specifications can be found in Supplementary file 2. 2006-1512). Studies of medical susceptibility factors for cold-related deaths are fewer, but indicate that the relative risk of death increases more in persons with cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as in persons with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1517). Huysmans MCDNJM, Chew HP, Ellwood RP. 2015; Salas et al. The current Commissioner of Finance is Karin Wanngrd, representing the Social democrats. Having pre-existing COPD or myocardial infarction is associated with large increases in death rates when temperature increases in persons younger than 65 (Table 3). For categorical variables, a bivariate analysis of associations betweenthe categorical variables on erosion was compared using the Chi Square test. The council elects a Municipal executive committee (kommunstyrelse), with 13 members representing both the political majority and the opposition, with the responsibility of implementing policies approved by the assembly. Prevalence of erosive tooth wear in risk groups. However, the air pollution measurements were not systematically missing with respect to temperature based on regression analysis (not reported). Males had a higher frequency of DE grades 3 and 4 with 136 individuals (22.3%) showing severe erosive wear compared to 84 females (14.4%) (p<0.01). I need the torgue specs for the following: Rod bearing caps, main crank bearing caps, oil pump, - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic . We thank Niklas Berglind for help in designing the outcome data. Risk factors for dental erosion in 56year old and 1214year old boys in Saudi Arabia. The time stratified design compares the environmental condition, on an individual level, on the day of death with the environmental conditions on control days using the same weekdays in the same month in the same year as the death occurred for control days. Influenza was adjusted for in all winter period models by including a variable of current level of influenza mortality in the population. Descriptive statistics for the air pollution and meteorological data are presented in Table 1. In its latter years, the engine produced roughly 245 hp at 410 ft-lb of torque. Used 1994 Ford F-250 Specs, MPG, Horsepower & Safety Ratings - CarsDirect heat and cold wave duration). This is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality. Mortality related to high and low temperatures constitutes a large public health burden globally (14). Heat exposure and socio-economic vulnerability as synergistic factors in heat-wave-related mortality. Archive - Persons above 65 years with a pre-existing mental disorder are at dramatically increased odds of death with heat wave duration, and also with increasing temperatures in general (Table 3). Campbell K, Peebles R. Eating disorders in children and adolescents: state of the art review. Stockholm Municipality (Riksdag constituency), SCB - Population by region, marital status, age and sex, "Statistiska centralbyrn, Kommunarealer den 1 januari 2014", "Folkmngd i riket, ln och kommuner 31 december 2021", Antal personer efter region, utlndsk/svensk bakgrund och r, Statistiska centralbyrn: Utrikes fdda efter ln, kommun och fdelseland 31 december 2017, "Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2002", "Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2006", "Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2010", "Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2014", "Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2018", "Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site", "Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stockholm_Municipality&oldid=1107844385, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2015, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 September 2022, at 05:44. Ford's F truck series was eventually installed it featuring roughly 225 horses. (2015a) the estimated prevalence of tooth erosion in children and adolescents 819years was 30.4%. Privacy Statement - I have a '94 F-250 with the EFI460,and the E4OD trans.In 1994, Ford rated the 460 at 245net horsepower at 4,000 rpm,and 400 lb.-ft. of torque at 2,200rpm(with the E4OD).The Superduty(F-450), motorhomes,and stripped chassis vehicles got a 255net horsepower rating,and 405 lb.-ft. of torque.Pre-'94 EFI460s got the 230net horsepower rating, and a torque rating of 390ft.-lbs. Used 1994 Ford F-350 Specs, MPG, Horsepower & Safety Ratings - CarsDirect Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Thedistribution of DE by clinics and age groups (15 vs. 17 years) were compared using the Chi square test. The calculation was based on 20% prevalence of DE (Hasselkvist et al. Cylinder Numbering: Distributor Rotation . 2004; Mulic et al. KC. Qualifying for score 4 meant that there was at least one tooth surface of the maxillary anterior teeth graded 4 (Table2) or a molar occlusal surface with cupping score 4 (Table3). RLS7201 Increasing death rates with cold in people with mental health issues and substance abuse conditions may relate to a reduced perception of health risks with substance use, as well as possibly less protection from cold exposure (34). The sources are identical to the table above. 2012b). 460 ci Torque and HP rating - Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. August 2003 heat wave in France: risk factors for death of elderly people living at home. Olley RC, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. The relationship between incisal/occlusal wear, dentine hypersensitivity and time after the last acid exposure in vivo. Further these ages are standard ages for regular dental health examinations in Sweden and they also represent groups when individual eating and drinking habits are changing from parenthood to more independence. 1. These studies represent various diagnostic methods and different age groups and countries. (2010) concluded that DE was seen in approximately 31% of 15years old and in the systematic review by Salas et al. The present study was conducted at three dental clinics belonging to the Public Dental Service in Stockholm County Council and from different social areas but it was not possible to link DE significantly to adolescents from a certain social group. Macro-morphology clearly changed, faceting or concavity formation within the enamel, no dentinal exposure, Enamel surface as described in grades 1 and 2. Under Cap Spins: These specs may not be correct for your application. Svik JB, Tveit AB, Storesund T. Dental erosion: a widespread condition nowadays? . This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Swedish Public Health Institute, the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research and the Swedish climate change adaptation program CLIMATOOLS. 2014; Muller-Bolla et al. Multiple logistic regressions predicting dental erosion. Deaths among all residents of Stockholm County between 1990 and 2002 were linked to discharge diagnosis data from hospital admissions, and associations were examined using the time stratified case-crossover design. reported that people born into and spending the first years of life in a warmer climate will be less susceptible to high temperatures compared to people born into and spending their youth in a colder climate (22). DE seems to increase with age, and to become more severe over time. HP and Torque went up in 95. The municipality is subdivided into 13 districts. It has the same grading but registration is performed on six surfaces instead of four, 1222 palatal view and 36, 46 occlusal view. In Supplementary file 3, we provide details on how the smooth versus the fitted linear function compared (Supplementary file 3). 1. National Library of Medicine Janes H, Sheppard L, Lumley T. Case-crossover analyses of air pollution exposure data: referent selection strategies and their implications for bias. 2002; Bardsley et al. Luo Y, Zeng XJ, Du MQ. These findings support the present study showing that DE is more frequent and more severe in the group of 17year olds. mortality, hospitalization, heat, cold, temperature, weather. Differences between the two age groups and between groups with different background factors for DE were calculated and considered significant at p<0.05 (Table4). the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. 245hp 400 ft lbs torque stock. These findings need to be further explored to increase our understanding of which population groups experience increasing death rates with high and low temperature exposures, and with heat and cold wave duration. Ford 460 Engine Build On A Budget Part 1 - Horsepower S13, E4 The problem with an epidemiological index for dental erosion. Hasselkvist A, Johansson A, Johansson AK. It is also of great importance to investigate the prevalence and severity of DE in the population to raise awareness and focus among clinicians and other health care professionals on this condition. Firing Order. Prevalence, incidence and distribution of erosion. Milosevic A. A similar model (without individual susceptibility factors) was validated in a prior study (13) based on recommendations for model checking of the case-crossover model (32). Shitsuka C, Mendes FM, Corra MSNP. always torque Temperature, temperature extremes, and mortality: a study of acclimatization and effect modification in 50 United States cities. Dental erosion and its growing importance in clinical practice: from past to present. Holbrook WP, Furuholm J, Gudmundsson K. Gastric reflux is a significant causative factor of tooth erosion. The frequency range of DE is in accordance with the present study. The mean inter-examiner reliability on a surface-by-surface basis on photographs was 0.50 (Kw), indicating moderate agreement, while the mean intra-examiner was 0.91(Kw), indicating a very good level of agreement (Altman 1995). Temperature extremes and health: impacts of climate variability and change in the United States. Fifteen and 17year old adolescents (1335) who scheduled their regular dental health examination were asked to participate. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Potential confounders (influenza deaths, NOx, and ozone) were included in the models if they were: 1) associated with the outcome variable based on p<0.1; and 2) changed the estimated relative effect by >10%. To study this with more detail, a much larger population or a longer time period would be necessary to have sufficient statistical power. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 42.4% (national average: 27.0%). Three photographs were taken of the marker teeth for erosive wear. Heat effects on mortality in 15 European cities. Adequate prophylaxis for DE will prevent hypersensitivity but sometimes restorative therapy may be necessary to relieve these problems (Schlueter et al. 2009; Mulic et al. Susceptibility to mortality related to temperature and heat and cold wave duration in the population of Stockholm County, Sweden. 1994 Ford 460 mild performance upgrades | 460 Ford Forum Gastroesophageal reflux disease and tooth erosion. Stockholm Municipality - Wikipedia The photographs and questionnaires were coded at each clinic and transferred to the manager, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Institute. The causes of death and previous hospitalizations were classified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-9 for the period 19901996 and ICD-10 for 1997 and onward. Association between soft drink consumption, oral health and some lifestyle factors in Swedish adolescents. Furthermore, it highlights the need for a thorough medical history to clarify both he exogenous and endogenous factors that may influence disease progression. 2013; Mulic et al. Tantbirojn D, Pintado MR, Versluis A. Quantitative analysis of tooth surface loss associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a longitudinal clinical study. 1994 F350 7.5L | 1992 - 1996 Ford F150, F250 and F350 Truck Forum O'Neill MS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities. In the present study, we also found an association between erosive wear and drinking juice or sport drinks after exercise thus indicating that erosive wear can be linked to the lifestyle of young people. Sample size calculation, with 90% power and a 5% significance level, resulted in a minimum of 900 patients, to detect a 10% difference in erosion between the three clinics in pair wise comparisons (3300=900). If these effects appear only in certain conditions and as an additive interaction, then the initial adjustment in our study may have been inadequate. Rooney C, McMichael AJ, Kovats RS, Coleman MP. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. Dental erosion (DE) is defined as an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue caused by a chemical process that does not involve bacteria (Lussi and Ganss 2014). That was consistent with 18% extensive erosion that Isaksson et al. Two of the authors at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry who were going to grade DE via the intra-oral photographs were calibrated prior to the grading. Mulic A, Tveit AB, Skaare AB. MG. 2012; Isaksson et al. Factors affecting in-hospital heat-related mortality: a multi-city case-crossover analysis. Managed database, performed statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. 2013). 8600 Rockville Pike Mulic et al. 2011) to 95% (Al-Majed et al. The increase in women younger than age 65 is even more apparent when relaxing the linear assumption of the heat wave duration estimates (Supplementary file 4). Search Car Torque Specifications by Engine or Model. Geographically, the City of Stockholm comprises the central part of the capital (Innerstaden or Stockholm City Centre) as well as the southern and western suburban parts (Sderort or South Stockholm and Vsterort or West Stockholm respectively). The best model for the winter period used maximum temperature for describing both the effects of low temperatures and cold wave duration (Supplementary file 5). 460 Ford Twin Banks Turbo Complete For Sale In Oakley, CA - OfferUp offerup.com. Horse power and torque for 460 v8 ford engine? - Answers The political organisation also includes eight governing full-time Commissioners (borgarrd) and four Commissioners representing the opposition. Muller-Bolla M, Courson F, Small-Faugeron V. Dental erosion in French adolescents. Below you can find the specifications for torque specs for Ford engines. A key conclusion from our study is that both heat intensity and heat wave duration are important risk factors for temperature-related mortality; future research should include both components. Maria-Gamla stan and Katarina-Sofia now form Sdermalm borough, Enskede-rsta and Vantr now form Enskede-rsta-Vantr, Hgersten and Liljeholmen now form Hgersten-Liljeholmen, and Kista and Rinkeby now form Rinkeby-Kista. An official website of the United States government. Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ. Unfortunately, we lacked a significant numbers of ozone observations and had no data on PM2.5. The occurrence of erosive wear was higher in individuals with tooth hypersensitivity (p=0.012). The use of juice or soft drinks as a thirst quencher after exercise was also more common in adolescents with DE (p=0.006). However, air pollution variables did not fulfill the above criteria (Supplementary file 6). The study indicated that DE was common among adolescents in Stockholm County and associated with both internal and external risk factors. The two scales for incisors and molars were combined based on the highest erosion grades scored on palatal surfaces on anterior teeth and occlusal surfaces on madibular first molars. The 15 and 17 years old adolescents were selected for the present study for several reasons. 2012a; Mulic et al. Internal causes including diseases that cause acidic stomach contents to reach the oral cavity such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Wilder-Smith et al. The functionality is limited to basic scrolling. Rocklov J, Forsberg B. The The members of these councils are not directly elected by the inhabitants of the respective districts, but rather appointed by the kommunfullmktige (municipal assembly). 460cid Stock HP Rating & Torque Specs - Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums www.ford-trucks.com. A study by Anderson et al. The time-stratified design adjusts for time trends and weekday patterns by design. Study population and number of subjects in each phase of the study. 2; Table 2). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. For other chronic diseases, for which patients were considered to be able to recover over time, we created indicators for hospitalization in a period 28 days to 2 years before death: acute myocardial infarction and recurrent myocardial infarction (ICD-9: 410; ICD-10: I21I22); cardiovascular disease (ICD-9: 390459; ICD-10: I); cerebrovascular disease (ICD-9: 430438; ICD-10: I60I69); respiratory disease (ICD-9: 460519; ICD-10: J); and substance abuse (ICD-9: 303305; ICD-10: F10-19). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 189938, or 25.05% of the population (758148 on the 31st of December 2002). Each dentist examined the same photographs from 38 adolescents (228 surfaces). FORD RANGER RAPTOR 2019 V1.0 - FS 19 Cars - Farming Simulator 2019. DE was more frequent among 17 year old where erosive wear was diagnosed in 189 (34.3%) adolescents compared to 147 (28.3%) in 15 year olds. Deaths from external causes were not studied. Hasselkvist A, Johansson A, Johansson AK. (2010) (Table3). We created indicator variables denoting whether a subject was hospitalized on the day of death. El Aidi H, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MC. This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. always torque bolts in three equal increments. Although legally a municipality with the official proper name Stockholms kommun, the municipal assembly (kommunfullmktige) has decided to use the name Stockholms stad (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. will also be available for a limited time. 2003). Erosive tooth wear from diagnosis to therapy. 2010) while other research groups reported the opposite (van Rijkom et al. Odds ratios (OR's) are presented with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twinning Cities: International Relations. Home > Engine Specs > Ford 429, 460, 514: Ford V8 . The impacts of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population. Otsu M, Hamura A, Ishikawa Y. Dental erosion and soft drink consumption in Swedish children and adolescents and the development of a simplified erosion partial recording system. 2). The reasons for non-participation were absence from examination (n=76), relocation (n=4) and decline to participate (n=53). For the Riksdag constituency, see, Places adjacent to Stockholm Municipality. The heat wave duration association is larger in lower ages, compared with the effect of temperature, which only significantly affects mortality in people aged 80 and above (Fig. MSJ. government site. Johansson AK, Norring C, Unell L. Eating disorders and oral health: a matched case-control study. The relationship between DE and GERD has previously been reported in different studies (Holbrook et al. For air pollution exposure variables (ozone and NOx), we constructed a running mean in lag strata zero to one, zero to six. 2009). An approach to checking case-crossover analyses based on equivalence with time-series methods. The results were also in line with Olley et al. Stockholm Party is a local party, which was represented in the City Council 19792002. Salas MMS, Nascimento GG, Huysmans MC. The 460 engine is a 7.5L big block V8 which produced power levels ranging from 197hp to 245hp over its 30 year history. 2.084" intake valve size. Missing data were not imputed. The purpose for this is that a better reference to susceptibility appear the group estimates to each other instead of the group estimate to all other groups which would be the default reference category. Although studies on susceptibility to temperatures are accumulating, no studies have studied and compared the groups susceptible to higher and lower temperature with groups susceptible to longer episodes of extreme temperature conditions (e.g. 390 install galaxie ford finally cars The supplementary material includes the total mortality counts stratified by individual and medical factors for summer and winter periods (Supplementary file 1). Hospitalizations 028 days before death were not considered as pre-existing disease in order to exclude the influence of a deterioration of the health status just before death. 2015). However, a study from Italy reports that hospitalized individuals are susceptible to heat (21). Adolescents from three areas in Stockholm County with a different social profile were examined in order to try to identify if DE was more common in certain social groups in society. torque specs ford bearing spec carrier harley specifications diff 2003 head cylinder trucks truck 1994 toyota. 1994 Ford F-250 Specs & Safety. Furthermore, dentine hypersensitivity is more likely initiated if subjects had consumed acidic beverages more recently. Previous studies have shown no consensus regarding erosive wear and socio-economics (Al-Dlaigan et al. Additionally, find 1994 Ford F-350 warranty and reliability information, such as limits on bumper-to-bumper coverage and major components. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Prevalence of tooth erosion an associated factors in 1114-year-old Brazilian school children. Although our results did not exclude such an effect (in particular with heat wave duration this seems plausible), our results do not confirm the hypothesis that people with a northern origin also experience increased risks with cold conditions. You may switch to Article in classic view. This scale was used for grading cuppings via intra-oral photographs. 2015a). 2004; El Aidi et al. Rocklov J, Ebi K, Forsberg B. Mortality related to temperature and persistent extreme temperatures: a study of cause-specific and age-stratified mortality. Severe DE among males was 22.3% compared to females 14.4%, based upon intra-oral photographs. Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Rocklov J, Forsberg B, Meister K. Winter mortality modifies the heat-mortality association the following summer. The Eurowinter Group. We estimate that most risk increases in daily mortality attributed to temperature occurred in non-hospitalized populations in both age groups. Severe erosive wear (grades 3 and 4) was also more prevalent in 17year olds (20.7%) compared to 15year olds (15.5%). Rey G, Jougla E, Fouillet A, Pavillon G, Bessemoulin P, Frayssinet P, et al. To study additional effects occurring from the duration of temperature extremes (27) (the duration of heat and cold waves) we created a cold wave and a heat wave duration variable, considering days in sequence below and above the 2nd and 98th percentile of temperature, respectively. These results corresponded with the results of the present study where DE was more common in subjects drinking soft drinks several times a week. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features The present study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden (Dnr: 2010/1836-31/3). Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. Our admittedly minor upgrades improved the (peak-to-peak) power output of the big Ford by nearly 90 hp, with gains exceeding 110 hp at the top of the rev range. The heat wave duration variable, based on the daily minimum temperature (above 17.4C), statistically and significantly affected mortality (Table 2). Bivariate logistic regression predicting dental erosion, Beta regression coefficient, SE standard error, P probability value, CI confidence interval (95%). Eating disorders are increasing in contemporary society and younger people are affected, highlighting how important it is for the dentist to be aware of these problems, and to be able to diagnose early erosion in children and adolescents (Campbell and Peebles, 2014). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. One hundred thirty-one individuals were excluded because of incomplete registrations concerning the presence of DE (Brommaplan n=29, Sollentuna n=10 and Sdertlje n=92). Erosive wear was more common in males, 188 individuals (34.4%) showed DE and 148 (28.2%) in females. Previous mental disease or substance abuse increased the odds of death among the population younger than 65. Schlueter N, Tveit AB. Wilder-Smith CL, Materna A, Martig L. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in oligosymptomatic patients with dental erosion: a pH-impedance and endoscopic study. the rating was 245 horsepower@4 ,000rpm & 395 lbs.-ft of torque@2 ,400rpm with the 5-speed manual.with an e4od automatic, the horsepower rating was the same,but the torque rating was 400 lbs.-ft.@2 ,200rpm.1995 superduty (f-450)&stripped chassis (rv)trucks got a 255 horsepower 460,with 405 lbs.-ft. of torque@2 ,400rpm.horsepower peak was at 1994 mustang gt 5.0 - YouTube. The increase was largely due to population movements; the fertility rate was stable. A first City Council was elected. In the present study, 31.4% of the individuals showed signs of erosive wear, 28.3% of the 15years old and 34.3% of the 17years old. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Previous studies suggested that socioeconomic factors may or may not increase the risks with heat exposure (24, 37). 2015). The site is secure. The bottom end of a 351-based small-block Ford has a SCAT forged steel crank, Mahle pistons, Clevite bearings, and SCAT forged H-beam rods. Lussi A, Hellwig E, Zero D. Erosive tooth wear: diagnosis, risk factors and prevention. They were also trained regarding how to perform clinical photographs in an accurate way, with practical exercises (MSJ). 1987 - 1996 F150 & Larger F-Series Trucks 1987 - 1996 Ford F-150, F-250, F-350 and larger pickups - including the 1997 heavy-duty F250/F350+ trucks. The Ford 460 crate engine was a popular engine since its inception. Rey G, Fouillet A, Bessemoulin P, Frayssinet P, Dufour A, Jougla E, et al. DE was clinically diagnosed in 28.3% of 15years old and 34.3% of 17years old. 460 400 HP Ford Crate High Performance Street Balanced Engine With Cast bluemonkeyperformance.com. 2001; Dugmore and Rock 2003; El Aidi et al. Of the municipal population, all but 200 people are considered living in the Stockholm urban area, a ttort further extending into ten other municipalities. : a case-only analysis. bolts in three equal increments, Connecting Non-age stratified estimates of demographic and medical factors can be found in Supplementary file 7. Multifactorial analysis of factors associated with the incidence and progression of erosive tooth wear. I have a 94 f-250 with a factory 460. We separated the effects of temperature and heat wave and cold wave duration and found that the associations in the susceptible groups were modified by age when stratified differed according to the different types of exposure (intensity and duration). These districts are sometimes incorrectly referred to as "boroughs" in English. All subjects completed a questionnaire with an extended history regarding tooth sensitivity, oral hygiene habits, consumption of erosive drinks (carbonated, juice, sport drinks) as well as questions about lifestyle factors (computer proficiency, training, etc.) jacket), Intake For heat, this is consistent with studies from the US (16, 36).
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