To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Like 's' : ''}}. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Little Hans (Herbert Graf) was born in April 1903 to Olga Graf (mother) and Max Graf (father). beginning of the phobia (after Hans had seen the horse fall down) Hans had to have his tonsils out. Little Hans father, Max Graf, shared with Freud several conversations he had with his son. When Hans had questions about conception and birth, how did his parents respond to him? The attention of his mother that his newborn sister deprived him of led to feelings of jealousy towards her, and he indicated a wish that she would drown in the bath. Little Hans. They may have asked Hans leading questions based on Freuds theories and looked at Hans case through the lens of Freuds interpretations. Material recently released by the Freud Archives casts new light on Freud's treatment of Hans's mother, Olga Graf . To summarize, the first three stages are: Oral Stage - from birth to around 1 year of age, during which the need to feed is satisfied by oral means. Sigmund Freud did not only contribute to our current knowledge of psychology through the development of therapeutic techniques and strategies. It revealed that Hans unconscious drives resulted in a cure of the phobia of horses. Basically, he believed all children pass through five stages. In terms of strengths, Freud's analysis at least seemed to yield an effective treatment. Hans was traumatised by the view of the horses large genitalia, which led Little Hans to avoid leaving his home because he did not want to encounter any horses. How was Little Hans' dream about giraffes interpreted? Its known that Little Hans parents were Freuds followers, and the information provided to Freud may be considered biased. The nickname derives from the fact that among . Freud's baby - Little Hans (1909) The case of Little Hans - Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy (1909) - rejuvenates psychoanalysis. Through analysis, Freud and Hans' father were able to use the idea of the Oedipus complex to explain the boy's phobia. When Little Hans was 3 he sent messages to 'The Doctor' through his parent's letters but only met Freud once or twice. A phobia of horses developed by a boy living in Vienna in 1904 seemed unlikely evidence for the Oedipus complex. Create your account, 20 chapters | I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The case of Little Hans is perhaps the best known of Sigmund Freuds case studies. this the phobia worsened and it was then that he specifically identified white horses as the ones he was The black surrounding their eyes reminded Little Hans of his father, with their blinkers resembling the mans glasses. It was pulling a horse-drawn bus carrying many passengers and when the horse collapsed Hans had been frightened by the sound of its hooves clattering against the cobbles of the road. He also suffered attacks of more generalized anxiety. Little Hans was nearly five when has was seen by if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'simplypsychology_org-box-3','ezslot_7',876,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'simplypsychology_org-box-3','ezslot_8',876,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0_1');.box-3-multi-876{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:10px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Freud (on 30th March 1908) but letters from his father to Freud provide the bulk of the evidence for the case study. Hans's father was instructed to reassure his son that his little ''widdler'' was safe and his father loved him. Daniel Cole has taught a variety of philosophy and writing classes since 2012. Jerome Wakefield employed Bowlbys attachment theory to Little Hans giraffe experience. After the accident, his parents noticed that he became afraid of horses, especially those carrying a heavy load and those with darker circles around the eyes or wearing blinkers. Topics Psycoanalysis Collection opensource Language English. 61-91. Gross cites an article by Slap (an He was particularly afraid of horses pulling carts (wearing blinkers). Freud linked this fear to the horses large penis. He wanted his sister to drown in the bath so he could have his mother to himself. For example, by recognising that horses symbolised the father and that Hans displaced his fear of his father onto horses. Is this true or false? This was the first connection between, or leap, towards what was causing little Hans' 'fear' of his father. Little Hans: a case study by Freud "Little Hans" was a young boy who was the subjectof an early but extensive study of castration anxietyand the Oedipuscomplex by Freud. Little Hans and Freud's Self-Analysis: A Biographical View of Clinical Theory in the Making. Further, given the lack of a therapeutic outcome for Little Hans, the real aim of the case study is questioned. 's' : ''}}. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The outcome was that it was a symbolic way to compete for the mothers attention with his toddler sister. The Oedipus complex (also spelled dipus complex) is an idea in psychoanalytic theory.The complex is a universal phase in the life of a young boy in which, to try to immediately satisfy basic desires, unconsciously wishes to have sex with his mother and disdains his father for having sex and being satisfied before him. Freud: A Modern Reader. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Hans's father sought out Freud to help Hans overcome his fear of horses. 1, pp. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} It also helped track the development of a child aged between four to five. When Hans was three and a half years old, his mother gave birth to his younger sister. Freud's himself revised his reading of the case in 1926, after which a number of psychoanalysts--including Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan, and John Bowlby--reinterpreted the case in the light of. How did Little Hans mother propose to stop him from playing with his penis? In 2004, the Freud Archives released a number of key documents which helped to complete the context of the case of little Hans (whose real name was Herbert Graf). Freud was attempting to demonstrate that the boys (Little Hans) fear of horses was related to his Oedipus complex. Because they are often based on one person it is not possible to generalize the results to the wider population. The superego operates both unconsciously and consciously. When he was 3 years old, his mother gave birth to a baby sister. . An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the study will be offered. In brief, Hans was a five-year-old who developed a phobia of horses after seeing one fall down and. We have already seen that Hans All rights reserved. Little Hans visited Freud at the age of nineteen and his was described by Freud to be healthy, suggesting the long-term resolution of his fear. Sigmund Freud & Little Hans In 1909, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud was approached by a friend whose five-year-old son had developed a phobia of horses. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | What is one weakness of the case of Little Hans? Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 2007 55: 3, 799-819 Download Citation. According to Freud, Hans wanted a large penis to compete with his father and marry his mother, as he had entered the phallic stage of development. individual as is the case here. Trauma and abuse in the case of Little Hans: A contemporary perspective. His real name was Herbert Graf, and he went on to become a famous director of operas. 'Widdlers' referred to Little Hans' penis and that of other males, including animals. 144 lessons No. . The fear began as an Oedipal conflict was developing regarding Hans being allowed in his parents' bed (his father objected to Hans getting into bed with them). Freud's interpretation was based on his psychosexual theory of child development, and thus, Freud explained Little Hans' fears in terms of the Oedipus Complex. The neighbors think it's odd that the Miller, despite his wealth, never gives Hans anything in return. Little hans - freud (1909). This was interpreted as a morning routine involving Little Hans and his father and mother waking up (the father is the big giraffe and the crumpled one was the mother). Psychodynamic Approach: Concept & Examples | What is Freud's Psychodynamic Theory? Sigmund Freud studied a young boy he called Little Hans who had a phobia of horses. Freuds interpretation linked Hanss fear to the. (2008, October 24). Little Hans: A centennial review and reconsideration, Trauma and abuse in the case of Little Hans: A contemporary perspective. He stresses all the ways that he is similar to his father, adopting his father's attitudes, mannerisms and actions, feeling that if his father sees him as similar, he will not feel hostile towards him. The case was used by Freud as evidence of his own ideas but did not provide emotional support for Little Hans. Through the interview between Freud and Little Hans 0 marks - No or irrelevant answer e.g. Hans's sexually excited attachment to his mother and his ambivalent feelings towards . the StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. A behaviourist explanation would be simply that Hans was frightened by the horse Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you However, there are multiple strengths and weaknesses of the Little Hans case study. What does identification with the aggressor mean, in the case of Little Hans? The psychoanalyst believed that Little Hans behavior provided much needed evidence in support of his theory that infants proceed through five stages of psychosexual development, and published the case in a paper entitled Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy (1909).1. and one can only wonder about the effects of this conversation on a small child! Hans' neurosistook the shape of a crippling phobiaof horses (Hippophobia). Hans's father wrote to Freud describing the situation and asking for help. Furthermore, the case study presents ethical standards that would not be accepted today. Results (4) Hans' fear of horses represented a fear of his father. Freud described Little Hans interest in widdlers as an unconscious motive. Freud hypothesised that the analysis would correspond with his previous work in the 'Three Essays on the Theory of . One of the giraffes started to crumple the other and have led the second giraffe to call out to him. Hans particularly feared horses with black around the mouth. fat h er f or seeing his own mother in an intima te way. 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Because it is impossible to live with the continual castration-threat anxiety provided by this conflict, the young boy develops a mechanism for coping with it, using a defense mechanism known as identification with the aggressor. More specifically, Hans wanted to love him as she loved Hans's father. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. He witnessed a horse's death, so may have generalized that frightful event to all horses in a case of classical conditioning, in which behavior patterns are established through the repetition of the pairing of stimuli. According to Freud, why did Little Hans want his sister to drown in the bath? Have all your study materials in one place. "The main content of his suffering is his fearthat something will befall two people whom he greatly loves, his father and a lady whom he admires. There He claims that Hans recovered fully In Little Hans case, the primary goal is to find a detailed analysis of treating his phobia. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. With limited, yet remarkable help from his father and Freud, Little Hans nevertheless had the ego strength and resilience to resolve his phobia, resume progressive development, and forge a successful creative career.. For one, Freud noted that the horse blinders around the eyes and the dark mouths of horses were probably associated with the glasses and mustache of Hans's father. The study also conflicts with today's ethical standards in what relates to informed consent and the possibility to withdraw from the study. of the Oedipus complex, which means he feared castration. The birth of a sister and behavior described by Max Graf occurred whilst Little Hans was experiencing the phallic stage. Hypnosis Scripts After the event, the boys parents noticed that he had begun to develop a fear of horses, particularly those carrying a heavy load or those with black around their eyes, or wearing blinkers. For this reason, they may not be generalised or applicable to others. From the age of three years, his parents reported little Hans showing interest in widdlers. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. There is the Case Study of Little Hans, which is still looked at today. Parts licensed underGNU FDL. Freud decided Hans secretly wished to replace his father in his mother's affections. How did Freud associate Little Hans with the Oedipus complex? A younger sibling had arrived during the period of Hans's phobia. 110, Re-Reading "Little Hans": Freud's Case Study and the Question of Competing Paradigms in Psychoanalysis. by telephone, use of video 1 mark - Partial or vague answer e.g. After the accident, his parents noticed he started becoming afraid of horses, especially those carrying a heavy load or those with darker circles around the eyes. Hans was a 5-year-old boy who was having trouble with a phobia of horses. Hans noted that he didnt like horses with black bits around the mouth. Freud (1906) claimed that phobias are a defence against the anxiety experienced when unpleasant impulses have been repressed. It is therefore possible that he supplied Hans with clues that led to his fantasies of marriage to his mother and his new large widdler. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_12',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Of course even if Hans did have a fully fledged Oedipus complex, this shows that the Oedipus complex exists but not how common it is. Remember that Freud believed it to be universal. Washington, DC. Little Hans parents were Freuds followers so th. The study details the life of a five year old boy whose father sought help from Freud for his fear of horses. Freud presumed that his focus on male genitals was connected to this fear of horses and Little Hans mother eventually threatened her son with calling a doctor to get him castrated if he did not stop this obsession. In the first, Hans had several imaginary children. For example on one occasion he asked Mummy, have you got a widdler too?. In addition, his mother had threatened to leave, and indeed his parents ended up divorcing. Freud wanted to explore what factors led to the phobia and what factors led to its remission. Together, Freud and the father tried to understand what the boy was experiencing and undertook to resolve his phobia of horses.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',615,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0'); Freud wrote a summary of his treatment of Little Hans, in 1909, in a paper entitled "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy. Hans anxieties and phobia continued and he was afraid to go out of the house because of his phobia of horses. Little Hans. This case influenced psychological thought for years. Wakefield, J. C. (2007). The major theoretical construct that Freud drew upon to interpret Little Hans was the Oedipus complex. It is a lack of population validity. It was presumed that his phobia was connected to the view of the horses large genitalia. The Case of Little Hans Even though Hans was one of Freud's most significant case studies, he saw the boy in person once. The released works included the transcript of an interview conducted by Kurt Eissler in 1952 with Max Graf (little Hanss father) as well as notes from brief interviews with Herbert Graf and his wife in 1959. One could use this theory to interpret Hans as becoming disturbed when his little sister was born, which may have made him more susceptible to fear and anxiety because he felt his relationships were less stable. Freud's thoughts on the unique issues of young girls are very different and consist largely of a supposed envy of male genitals. Jerome Wakefield applied John Bowlbys theory of attachment to Little Hans giraffe fantasy, proposing that it was symbolic not only of his parents but also of the competition between him and his younger sister for the attention of their mother (Wakefield, 2007).3. For one thing, when Hans's father wrote to Freud, it was made clear that he was already an admirer of Freud's work. When little Hans was 5 years old, Freud and Little Hans first met face-to-face. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. From around three years of age, little Hans showed an interest in widdlers, both his own penis and those of other males, including animals. The case study of Little Hans does appear to provide support for Freud's (1905) theory of the Oedipus complex. However, there are difficulties with this type of evidence. His parents consulted with Sigmund Freud, who later published a study of Hans' phobia, claiming that it supported his controversial theory of the Oedipus complex. It's related to the concept of attachment theory, which essentially states that emotional attachments made early in life tend to have lasting effects. This allowed Hans to overcome his castration anxiety and identify with his father. Anna Freud & Heinz Hartmann's Contributions to Psychology, Issues in Psychological Classifications: Reliability, Validity & Labeling. Herbert was born in 1903 in Vienna.
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