Bio-oil has a large amount of oxygenated compounds and organic material; it is highly polar. A Workup Protocol Combined with Direct Application of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Aqueous Samples from Large-Scale Steam Explosion of Biomass. Alkaline and earth alkaline metals exhibit catalytic activity in pyrolysis. His contributions to the field of sustainable hydrocarbons are in the form of process knowhow and catalyst developments. Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research, Submitted: August 8th, 2021 Reviewed: August 23rd, 2021 Published: September 21st, 2021, Edited by Mattia Bartoli and Mauro Giorcelli, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Agricultural biomass as an energy resource has several environmental and economical advantages and has potential to substantially contribute to present days' fuel demands. There are two types of energy crops, herbaceous and short-rotation woody. The book covers intensive R&D and technological developments done during the last few years in the area of renewable energy utilizing biomass as feedstock and will be highly beneficial for the researchers, scientists and engineers working in the area of biomass-biofuels- biorefinery. Hemicelluloses and lignin cover the cellulose microfibrils. These compounds include mannan (made up of mannose monomer), galactomannan (made up of mannose and galactose monomers), glucomannan (made up of mannose and glucose monomers), glucuronic acid (made up of mannose and glucuronic monomers). He is also the Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India and member of the Governing Council. Rapid quenching traps many of these products that would further react (depolymerize, decompose, degrade, crack or condense with other molecules) to form more non-condensable gases if the residence time at high temperature was extended [61, 80]. Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: a review. Depending on the type of LCB, the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content fall in the range 4060%, 1530% and 1025%, respectively. In intermediate pyrolysis, the reaction is faster than slow pyrolysis but slower than fast pyrolysis. Contact our London head office or media team here. He has about 90 publications in journals of international repute, contributed 10 book chapters to renowned publishers (ACS, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press etc) and 11 patents to his in his field of expertise in addition to 250 national and international symposia presentations. The proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and higher heating value (HHV) of biomass can provide a clear understanding of its thermochemical conversion characteristics. Therefore, biomass is considered the most important source of green carbon or carbon-neutral fuel. He is the author or co-author of about 155 scientific journal publications (including 10 review papers and 10 Handbook chapters), and is co-inventor of two patents. In 1988-1989 he had a sabbatical leave at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver (Canada). Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass by Ashok Pandey, 9780444632890, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide. The process energy requirements and final product composition depend on the input biomass feed and the process conditions. Michael Stcker has co-edited two scientific books. At elevated temperatures (between 200 and 350C) and pressures (520MPa), HTL takes place and the biomass feedstock is mainly converted into a liquid product (aqueous soluble). Accelerate the Aging of Polymer as Energy-Saving M Higher Colleges of Technology, AbuDhabi, UnitedArabEmirates. Recent advances of thermochemical conversion processes for biorefinery Authors Myung Won Seo 1 , See Hoon Lee 2 , Hyungseok Nam 1 , Doyeon Lee 3 , Diyar Tokmurzin 1 , Shuang Wang 1 , Young-Kwon Park 4 Affiliations 1 Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. High moisture content is a major concern in biomass. Decomposition of vapors to coke and secondary vapors has been suggested as the reason for exothermicity. A distinct aqueous phase is only observed with bio-oil having water content in the range 3045wt% [23, 55]. Biomass gasification is a thermochemical process of converting solid biomass into a gaseous fuel known as synthesis gas or producer gas under a reduced oxygen atmosphere to avoid complete combustion [59, 60]. A mixture of many gases, primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is released as the output product of the gasification process. Flash pyrolysis aims to maximize the liquid yield (bio-oil). People have used biomass as an energy source for cooking, heating, and lighting for thousands of years. It is acidic in nature (pH value of 24) due to the presence of organic acids such as formic and acetic acid and, hence, corrosive. LCB with lignin percentage up to 40% has been reported. Biomass has substantial quantities of free and bound water. need to be considered when selecting the correct conversion process, primarily if the moisture content lies between wet and dry regions [6, 21, 53, 54]. Additionally, the gases and vapors produced in pyrolysis using a high moisture feedstock are diluted with steam and have a lower calorific value [21, 61]. The effect is not only the land usage for biomass supply but also the impacts of adding biochar to soils. This is a distinctive feature of HTG in comparison with other hydrothermal treatments (HTC and HTL). Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass - AbeBooks The liquid fraction separates into an aqueous phase (38% with 50% water; HHV of 7MJ/kg) and organic phase (8% pyrolytic lignin, phenols, etc., HHV of 24MJ /kg) [79]. Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass by Michael Stcker, 2015, Elsevier edition, . Formerly, he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali and Chief Scientist & Head of Biotechnology Division and Centre for Biofuels at CSIRs National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum. Moisture content will have a significant impact on the biomass conversion process. Compared to these fossil fuels, the energy density of biomass ranges from 8MJ/kg for greenwood to 20MJ/kg for dry plant matter. Michael Stcker has 30 years experience within the fields of synthesis, characterization and catalytic testing of different type of materials, covering mainly zeolites, micro- and mesoporous materials and oxide materials related to catalysis, sorption technology, surface modification and design of novel processes. Recent advances in thermochemical conversion of biomass The additional parameters (like cost and feasibility of drying etc.) Because of the branched nature, hemicellulose is amorphous, which is relatively easy to hydrolyze (by dilute acids, bases and hemicellulose enzymes) to its constituent sugars compared to cellulose. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. 1.3. Cellulose has a high degree of polymerization and exhibits higher thermal stability. The cellulose and/or lignin degradation during torrefaction is small. In contrast, animal and human waste are primarily free of these types of harmful materials [28]. Repolymerization reactions become effective at later stages of pyrolysis, leading to the formation of char. He played a leading role in setting up the Centre for Biofuels lignocellulosic ethanol pilot plant at NIIST. . Moderate temperatures and short residence times tend to produce more liquids. Plant biomass is a complex mixture of polymers consisting of three key elements: 4247% of carbon (C), 4044% of oxygen (O) and 6% of hydrogen (H), all percentages in dry matter, whose total content generally reaches above 95% [24, 29]. The .gov means its official. It also produces liquids (oils, tars, and other condensates) and solids (char, ash) from solid biomass feedstocks [5, 61, 62]. The chapter focuses on recent trends of biomass conversion into valuable energy, chemicals, gaseous and liquid fuels. He played a leading role in setting up the Centre for Biofuels lignocellulosic ethanol pilot plant at NIIST. However, biomass energy is the primary energy source in many developing nations, contributing to about 2030% of the total energy supplies. If you decide to participate, a new browser tab will open so you can complete the survey after you have completed your visit to this website. Lateral chains of hemicellulose form the tightly bound network through hydrogen bonds with cellulose microfibrils. Integrating thermochemical biomass conversion and solar thermal energy is an emerging concept for the sustainable production of electricity, biofuels, and other renewable products. He was also a JSPS Visiting Scientist to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan during 2009. Forestry biomass includes wood residues associated with the production of timber in the forest, as well as the processing of timber into their final products [17, 18]. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Gasification processes are designed to generate fuel or synthesis gases as the primary product that can be used in internal and external combustion engines as well as fuel cells, offering a viable solution to overcome energy demands. The ash content indicates the quantity of non-combustible ash remaining on the fire grates or ash pit or entrained with flue gases. We cannot process tax exempt orders online. Some of the advantages of microwave-assisted pyrolysis over conventional pyrolysis include uniform heating throughout, rapid heating rate, cleaner products due to no agitation, volumetric and selective heating. Torrefied biomass can be stored long-term without degradation [21]. Moisture content has a significant impact on the biomass conversion process. Hemicellulose is a random heterogeneous polysaccharide of pentoses (xylose and arabinose), hexoses (galactose, glucose and galactose) and their acidified derivatives such as glucuronic and galacturonic acids. The typical products of thermochemical conversion of biomass are carbon-rich solid residue (biochar), condensable vapors (bio-oil or tar) and non-condensable gases. It uses different types of microorganisms that access oxygen from the air, producing carbon dioxide, heat and solid residue (compost). These processes are often unsuitable for wet biomass because of low energy density due to high moisture content. Solid biomass is one of the primary energy sources (mainly used for cooking) in many developing countries, especially in rural sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Additionally, the slow devolatilization resulting from a slow heating rate ensures maximum secondary char formation. In fermentation, starch is converted into sugars using acids or enzymes. Cellobiose is the repeating glucose disaccharide of cellulose. Biochar is used in agriculture to upgrade the soil quality, in waste treatment to remove organic contaminants, heavy metals and different types of dyes and pigments from textile industries and in power generation as a fuel. Currently he is the activity leader for the Biofuels program of the Centre for Biofuels at NIIST, and had been the program coordinator for NIISTs major laboratory program on biofuels. government site. Elemental chemical composition, moisture, ash and volatiles are essential for thermal/ thermochemical conversions of biomass. The boilers have to be redesigned to burn biomass properly. Predominant hardwood hemicellulose is xylan, while predominant softwood hemicellulose is glucomannan. In some more applications, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen or even steam may be used as the gasifying agent, resulting in the production of syngas with higher calorific value in the range of 1015MJ/m3 due to the absence of diluting nitrogen [16]. Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech Research Society, India (www.brsi.in); Founder & International Coordinator of International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, France (www.ifibiop.org), Chairman of the International Society for Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.in), Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology (http://ees.elsevier.com/bite/), Honorary Executive Advisor of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (www.jees.in), Journal of Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing (https://www.springer.com/journal/43393), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (http://neerijese.org/editorial-board/), Subject Editor, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India (https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/40011) and Associate Editor, Biologia Section Cellular and Molecular Biology (https://www.springer.com/journal/11756/editors) and editorial board member of several international and Indian journals.Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. In anaerobic digestion, bacteria take oxygen from the biomass itself instead of atmospheric oxygen. The three major components of LCB are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In view of his expertise, he is on the editorial board of 2 international peer reviewed journals and expert member of several committees. This freezing of intermediates results in bio-oil containing many reactive species, contributing to its unusual characteristics. Primary char can act as a catalyst to the secondary reactions. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis usually operates in the temperature range of 400800C [72, 81]. He received the DGMK 2009 Award of the German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology. A comprehensive review on the factors affecting thermochemical conversion efficiency of algal biomass to energy. The main product of HTC is hydrochar which can be easily separated from the liquid fraction due to its high hydrophobicity and homogeneous properties. Currently his main research interests include-Developing enzymes for biomass conversion to sugars and ethanol, Glucose tolerant -glucosidases from fungi, and developing molecular methods for heterologous gene expression in fungi. This feedstock does not compete with agricultural products for the limited land resources. This reduces any potential benefit of using biomass. In conventional heating, heat is transferred to the material surface (by convection, conduction and radiation) and subsequently from the surface to the interior of the material by conduction as a result of temperature gradients. The hydrogen or oxygen content in the ultimate analysis includes only the hydrogen and oxygen present in the organic components of the biomass it does not include the hydrogen and oxygen in the moisture. To achieve sustainable large-scale biomass production, marginal or abandoned agricultural land has been widely considered as important. End product percentage, quality and advantages of the torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification were summarized. Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Arrives by Tue, Jul 12 Buy Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass (Hardcover) at Walmart.com The improved properties of torrefied biomass include increased energy density, hydrophobicity, grindability and reduced biodegradability compared to the initial biomass feed, thus, allowing cheaper transport, handling and processing of the torrefied biomass. Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. However, biomass is the only renewable energy resource to produce transport fuels. The product containing condensable and non-condensable gas is cooled, thus increasing the liquid yield while reducing biochar production. The composition of ash depends on the type of biomass which includes mostly inorganic residues such as silica, aluminum, iron, calcium and small amounts of magnesium, titanium, sodium and potassium may also be present. He is the academic editor of British Biotechnology Journal and is a member of the editorial board of Conference Papers in Energy. Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass (Hardback) and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Water cannot be removed from bio-oil by conventional methods like distillation. Product (bio-oil, biochar and syngas) yields in fast pyrolysis are affected by the feed particle size. Energy crops are adaptive to marginal or abandoned agricultural land. Further increase in temperatures causes secondary vapor phase cracking reactions to dominate, yielding additional non-condensable gases and secondary biochar. The lower heating value (LHV) of torrefied biomass is about 20.4MJ/kg compared to the LHV of charcoal between 28 and 33MJ/kg. 0 Ratings 0 Want to read; 0 Currently reading; 0 Have read; Donate this book to the Internet Archive library. A common classification divides them into aliphatic compounds (mainly fats and waxes), terpenes and terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. Professor Pandey is Adjunct/Visiting Professor/Scientist in universities in France, Brazil, Canada, China, Korea, South Africa, and Switzerland and also in several universities several in India. The primary conversion of biomass during the pyrolysis process can be described by three pathways; char formation, depolymerization and fragmentation. Biomass Gasification In India - ns1imaxhome.imax.com Please try again. In biochemical conversion, biomass molecules are broken down into smaller molecules by bacteria or enzymes. Currently, such syngas is used as fuel to generate heat and electricity or as a feedstock for many products in the petrochemical and refinery industries, like methanol, ammonia, synthetic gasoline, etc. AbeBooks.com: Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass (9780444632890) and a great selection of similar New, . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the On the other hand, microwave energy is delivered directly into materials within an electromagnetic field. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads.
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