[citation needed], The ancient political and cultural history of central and southern Travancore was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. There were two capitals, the major one at Kollam (Venad Swaroopam or Desinganadu) and a subsidiary one at Thrippapur (Thrippapur Swaroopam or Nanjinad). Kings of Venad had, built residential palaces in Thiruvithamcode and Kalkulam. [2] However Tangasseri area of Kollam city and Anchuthengu near Attingal in Thiruvananthapuram district, were British colonies and were part of the Malabar District until 30 June 1927, and Tirunelveli district from 1 July 1927 onwards. [58] During the election campaign, clashes occurred between the Tamil Nadar community and the Malayali Nair community in Kalkulam Vilavancode taluks. [57] During that period the Travancore State Congress favoured the idea of uniting all the Malayalam speaking regions and forming a "Unified Kerala". Travancore often allied with the English East India Company in military conflicts. [6], It consisted most of the present-day Idukki district. [70] These were the: The 1911 Census Report of Travancore states that Padmanabhapuram Division was the original seat of Travancore, where Thiruvithamcode and Padmanabhapuram are located. Bengaluru Commuter Rail [41] The hard tone of Vaikundar towards this was perceived as a revolution against the government. The Company defeated forces under Velu Thampi Dalawa at battles near Nagercoil and Kollam, and inflicted heavy casualties on the rebels, many of whom then deserted and went back home. A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office. In 1856, the princely state was sub-divided into three divisions, each of which was administered by a Divan Peishkar, with a rank equivalent to a District Collector in British India. [42] So King Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma initially imprisoned Vaikundar in the Singarathoppu jail, where the jailor Appaguru ended up as a disciple of Vaikundar. ", "Royal vignettes: Travancore Simplicity graces this House", Travancore State Manual by T.K.Velu Pillai, Nediyiruppu Swaroopam (Kingdom of Calicut), List of princely states of British India (alphabetical), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Travancore&oldid=1117431040, Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 18:10. Cf. T.T.N.C was popular among the Tamils living in Thovalai and Agateeswaram taluks. [40] In such a context, the belief in Ayyavazhi, apart from being a religious system, served also as a reform movement in uplifting the downtrodden of society, both socially and religiously. Chennai city map guide showing information of major roads, railways, hotels, hospitals, religious places and important landmarks of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Maharashtra comes second with 364 waterfalls. He later defected to Travancore. [9] During Dharma Raja's reign, Tipu Sultan, the de facto ruler of Mysore and the son of Hyder Ali, attacked Travancore in 1789 as a part of the Mysore invasion of Kerala. The coat of arms had two elephants standing to the left and right with the conch shell (Turibinella pyrum) in the center. [61] The central government had appointed Fazal Ali Commission(1953 dec) for the states reorganisation based on language. Namma Metro has a mix of underground, at grade, and elevated stations.The system runs on standard-gauge tracks. The police force suppressed the agitating Nadars. The Maharajah of Travancore, who hitherto had not openly taken any part in the rebellion, now allied with the British and appointed one of Thampi's enemies as his prime minister. From then on the rulers of Travancore ruled as the "servants of Padmanabha" (the Padmnabha-dasar). Tamil Brahmins and Nairs alone dominated the bureaucracy until 20th century. And T.T.N.C started gaining strength and momentum in Kalkulam Vilavancode Taluks. Idukki district [56] In the Tamil regions, Malayalam was the official language and there were only a few Tamil schools. Initially, Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi and the English East India Company got along very well. Velu Thampi Dalawa now organised a guerrilla struggle against the company, but committed suicide to avoid capture by the Travancore army. [6] Devikulam division was Tamil-speaking region. He died on 20 July 1991. It was ruled by the Travancore Royal Family from Padmanabhapuram, and later Thiruvananthapuram. [6], It was the headquarters of Travancore since 1795. Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System "During his rule, the revenues of the State were nearly quadrupled from a little over Rs 21/2 crore to over Rs 91/2 crore." Day 2:Breakfast at the hotel.Visit Vattakottai fort, an 18-century marvel which offers the scenery of sea on one side and the Western Ghats on the other. Vaikundar was later set at liberty by the King.[43]. A majority of the premier industries in Kerala even today, were established by Sree Chithira Thirunal. Geographically, Travancore was divided into three climatically distinct regions: the eastern highlands (rugged and cool mountainous terrain), the central midlands (rolling hills), and the western lowlands (coastal plains). Salem (pronounced ()), is a major city in Salem district, located on the banks of Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Salem is the sixth largest urban agglomeration and metropolitan city in the state by population next to Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli and Tiruppur and the sixth largest city in Tamil Nadu by area covering 124 km 2 (48 sq mi). Ayilyam Thirunal of Travancore (centre) with the first prince (left) and Dewan Rajah Sir T. Madhava Rao (right). [61], In 1950, a meeting was held at Palayamkottai to make compromises between state congress and T.T.N.C. Idukki (), IPA: , is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. Unnithan. Chennai City Map The simplicity that the family consistently upheld in all aspects of governance distinguished it from other contemporary monarchies, said Governor of West Bengal M.K. Dharma Raja's period is considered a Golden Age in the history of Travancore. The tension between the Communists and Iyer led to minor riots. [5] The Malayalam-speaking regions of Travancore-Cochin merged with the Malabar District (excluding the Laccadive and Minicoy Islands) and the Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam-state of Kerala on 1 November 1956, according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 passed by the Government of India. [60] The first general election of Independent India was held on 1952. Their capital during the first Sangam age was in Aykudi and later, towards the end of the eighth century AD, at Quilon (Kollam). Dharma Raja had earlier refused to hand over the Hindu political refugees from the Mysore occupation of Malabar who had been given asylum in Travancore. Modern-day southern Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, etc.) [44], In 1935, Travancore joined the Indian State Forces Scheme and a Travancore unit was named 1st Travancore Nair Infantry, Travancore State Forces. [6] Padamanabhapuram Division consisted of the present-day district of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. [9], The Prime Ministers (Dalawas or Dewans) started to take control of the kingdom beginning with Velu Thampi Dalawa (Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi) (17991809) who was appointed as the divan following the dismissal of Jayanthan Sankaran Nampoothiri (17981799). When the region was part of the Chera empire, it was still known as Thiruvazhumkode. That party pushed for the merger of Tamil regions in Travancore with Tamil Nadu. The number of flights operated by each airline on Chennai to Kolkata route is as follows:AirAsia: 1, Vistara: 1, Air India: 1, IndiGo: 1 To board the first Chennai to Kolkata flight, choose IndiGo, which departs at 05:25 The last flight for this route is IndiGo, departing at 22:50. On 3 January 1750, (5 Makaram, 925 Kollavarsham), Marthanda Varma virtually "dedicated" Travancore to his tutelary deity Padmanabha, one of the aspects of the Hindu God Vishnu with a lotus issuing from his navel on which Brahma sits. He was also the last surviving Knight Grand Commander of both the Order of the Star of India and of the Order of the Indian Empire. [9][10] In 19031904, the total revenue of the state was Rs. [62], On 11 August, Liberation Day celebrations were held at many places in South Travancore. [6], It was situated in the northernmost area of Travancore. The last King of Travancore, Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma. [6] However, the Sengottai taluk of this division which was earlier under Kottarakkara Thampuran, was a Tamil-majority region. The expenses of the university were to be met fully by the government. [6] Geographically too Sengottai resembled to Madurai and Pandya Nadu than rest of the Malayalam country. He patronized musicians, artists, dancers, and Vedic scholars. [6], Quilon was the capital of Venad and the largest port town in Travancore, and was also one of the oldest ports on Malabar Coast. "Travancore." History of South India It was contracted to Thiruvankode, and anglicised by the English to Travancore. Falaknuma Express The railway relies on its fleet of steam locomotives. The Kingdom of Travancore (/trvnkr/), also known as the Kingdom of Thiruvithamkoor, was an Indian kingdom from c. 1729 until 1949.It was ruled by the Travancore Royal Family from Padmanabhapuram, and later Thiruvananthapuram.At its zenith, the kingdom covered most of the south of modern-day Kerala (Idukki, Kottayam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kollam, and Police opened fire at the processions in Thoduvetty (Martandam) and Puthukadai. Tamils gathered together at Nagercoil on 16 December 1945 under the leadership of Sam Nathaniel and formed the new political party All Travancore Tamilian Congress. After the mutiny of 1805 against Velu Thampi Dalawa, most of the Nair army battalions of Travancore were disbanded, and after Velu Thampi Dalawa's uprising, almost all of the remaining Travancore forces were also disbanded, with the East India Company undertaking to serve the Rajah in cases of external and internal aggression. In one such riot in Punnapra-Vayalar in 1946, the Communist rioters established their own government in the area. Nine Tamil volunteers were killed and thousands of T.T.N.C and communist sympathizers were arrested in various parts of Tamil main land. Velankanni (Vkai), is a Special Grade Panchayat Town in Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.It lies on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, 350 km south of Chennai (Madras), 12 km south of Nagapattinam, and 33 km southeast of Thiruvarur.. Once a port that traded with Rome and Greece, the tiny commercial center gradually lost its importance to He not only retained the territorial gains of his predecessor, but also improved and encouraged social development. When a section of the Travancore army mutinied in 1805 against Velu Thampi Dalawa, he sought refuge with the British Resident Colonel (later General) Colin Macaulay and later used English East India Company troops to crush the mutiny. [60] In due course, accusing the Congress government for not showing enough care the struggle of the Tamils, T.T.N.C had broken away from the coalition and the Congress government lost the majority. [29], In the early 18th century CE, the Travancore royal family adopted some members from the royal family of Kolathunadu based at Kannur, and Parappanad in present-day Malappuram district. [citation needed]. Chennai Suburban Railway He engaged hard measures against the agitations of Tamils. [47][48][49], However, his prime minister, Sir C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, was unpopular among the communists of Travancore. This included Palakkad Gap, Coimbatore, Salem, and the Kolli Hills. Since they spent most of the state's revenue for the benefit of the public, they were naturally much loved by their subjects. Tirunelveli Velu Thampi also played a key role in negotiating a new treaty between Travancore and the English East India Company. [18] However the southern region of present-day Kerala state (The coastal belt between Thiruvananthapuram and Alappuzha) was under the Ay dynasty, which was more related to the Pandya dynasty of Madurai than the Cheras. The kingdom was thus also called Venad. Route map; The 12703 / 12704 Falaknuma Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Secunderabad and Howrah, in India. Ma. The hierarchical caste order was deeply entrenched in the social system and was supported by the government, which transformed this caste-based social system into a religious institution.
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